QUANTUM COMPUTING- "THE FUTURE IS ARRIVING"

In Near future we will hit natural limits on the size of transistors 

*Their will be a maximum out of the number of the transistor per chip

* It will be reaching the minimum size for the transistors

*It will a limit for the speed for devices

Eventually all computing will be done using some sort of alternative structure like DNA, Cellular automation and Quantum.

             

TRANSISTOR DENSITY:

TRANSISTOR SIZE:

The commom characteristic of any digital computer is that it stores bits to process anything. 

* Bits represent the state of some physical stream.

Quantum system possess properties that allow the encoding of bits as pyhysical states.

*Direction of the spin of a of a electron.

* The direction of the polarization of a photon.

*The energy level of an exited atom.

The electron is always in one of the two spinning states. A qubit is a bit represented by a quantum system. A qubit is governed by the law of physics.

* While a quantum system can be in one of the discrete set of states, it can be also be in a blend of states alled a superposition.

QUANTUM WEIRDNESS:

One of the unusaual features of Quantum  Mechanics is the interaction between an event and it's measurement. Measurement changes the state of a quantum state. Measurement of a superposition state of a qubit forces it into one of the qubit states in an unpredictable manner.

 

QUANTUM PHEOMENA 

There are five quantum phenomena taht makes quantum computing weird.

*Superposition

* Interference

*Entanglement

*Non-determinism

*Non-clonability

SUPERPOSITION

The Principle of superposition states if a quantum system can be measured to be in one of a number of states then it can also exist in a blend of all it's states simultaneously.

INTEREFENCE

This is a quantum phenomena whih is also present in quantum computers.

*A quantum computer can operate on several inputs at once, the result interfere with eash other producing a collective result. 

ENTAGLEMENT

                           

If two or more qubits are made to interact,they can emerge from the interaction in a joint quantum state which is different from any combination of the individual quantum states.

Non-Determinism:

Quantum non-determinism refers to the condition of unpredictability. If a quantum system is a superposition state and then measured, the measured state can bot be not predicted.

NON-CLONABILITY

It is Impossible to copy an unknown quantum state exactly. If you asked a friend to prepare a qubit in a superposition state without telling you which superposition state, then you could not make a perfect copy of the qubit.

QUANTUM LOGIC GATES:

Quantum logic are similar in overall function to digital logic gates 

* They perform logic operations such as NOT,AND,OR..

*However, quantum logic gates must have as many output as there are inputs because they must be reversible.